Rekonstruksi Etika Kebahagiaan Al-Farabi dalam Era Digital: Studi Filosofis atas Krisis Makna pada Generasi Z di Lingkungan Pesantren

Abstract

The penetration of digital technology into the Islamic boarding school (pesantren) environment has triggered value disruption and a crisis of meaninglessness among Generation Z. This study aims to reconstruct Al-Farabi's Ethics of Happiness (Eudaimonism) as an ethico-philosophical framework to unpack existential crises and value orientation degradation caused by performative digital culture among santri (Islamic students). Utilizing a qualitative approach with library research methodology, this study examines Al-Farabi’s primary texts, such as Mabadi’ Ara’ Ahl al-Madinah al-Fadhilah and Kitab al-Tanbih ‘ala Sabil al-Sa’adah, and hermeneutically integrates them with contemporary digital sociology literature. The results demonstrate that the crisis of meaning among Generation Z in pesantren stems from "epistemic-moral alienation," where virtual social validation (likes, followers) shifts substantial happiness orientation (eudaimonia) toward instant gratification (hedonia). The reconstructed formulation of Al-Farabi’s ethics provides a solution through three transformative pillars: purification of rational intellect (al-aql) to filter digital disinformation, ordering the soul’s hierarchy (tadzhib al-nafs) against impulsive urges, and actualizing public virtue (al-fadhilah al-madaniyyah) in cyberspace. The implications of this research demand a paradigm shift in pesantren governance from a proscriptive-repressive approach toward the implementation of "Prophylactic Digital Literacy" rooted in classical Islamic ethics. This study concludes that Al-Farabi’s ethics successfully bridges classical religious tradition with modern technology, empowering santri as ethical subjects sovereign over digital technology