Strategi Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kiai dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia di Pesantren Modern

Abstract

This research aims to analyze and formulate the strategy of kiai's transformational leadership in human resource management at modern Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study method, conducted at a modern pesantren over six months. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. The research subjects included kiai, teachers, staff, and students selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The findings reveal that kiai's transformational leadership is implemented through four dimensions: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration, integrated with pesantren cultural values. The uniqueness of kiai's leadership lies in the combination of spiritual authority and charisma as sources of legitimacy, professional management oriented toward organizational goals, and pesantren cultural values. The human resource management strategy includes planning, recruitment, competency development, motivation systems, and periodic evaluation. This research contributes theoretically to developing a transformational leadership model in the pesantren context and practically provides recommendations for kiai and pesantren managers to integrate spiritual leadership with modern personnel management.