Innovation in the Islamic Religious Education Curriculum in Elementary Schools within the Context of the Merdeka Curriculum and 21st-Century Skills

Abstract

This research aims to explore forms of curriculum innovation in Islamic Education (PAI) at elementary schools (SD) in response to the challenges of the 21st century and the implementation of Indonesia’s Kurikulum Merdeka (Independent Curriculum). Employing a descriptive qualitative approach based on a literature study, the author analyzes various academic sources related to innovative and contextual strategies, educational theories, and instructional practices within Islamic Education. Findings indicate that curriculum innovations in PAI at the elementary level encompass integrating Islamic values into cross-disciplinary approaches, applying project-based learning strategies, utilizing digital technology, and adopting local arts and cultural approaches. Additionally, constructivism theory, Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), and progressive educational values form the basis for designing student-centered learning. The PAI curriculum at elementary schools is expected not only to shape students' character and spirituality but also equip them with essential 21st-century skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. Such innovations are crucial for creating enjoyable, meaningful, and real-life relevant learning experiences for elementary students, while also fostering active student engagement, enhancing their intrinsic motivation, and optimally developing learning flexibility and autonomy.